Centre for Youth Voice
Cover of Children's Participation: From Tokenism to Citizenship (Innocenti Essays No. 4)

Impact · Critical perspectives

Children's Participation: From Tokenism to Citizenship (Innocenti Essays No. 4)

Roger Hart, UNICEF Innocenti · 1992 · Evidence review

The essay that introduced the 'ladder of participation' distinguishing manipulation, decoration and tokenism from genuine participation. Widely used and widely critiqued; conceptual, not an evaluation.

Section
Critical perspectives
Format
PDF
Access
Open access
Link
participationpool.eu